Ancient Egypt | Acient Egyptian Gods and Goddesses

Ancient Egyptian Overview, Gods, Goddesses, Ennead, Monsters and artifacts

Unlike the Greeks and Romans, who seemed to have fairly consistent pantheons of gods, the Egyptian gods varied considerably depending upon year and physical location. Some gods were associated with the Upper Kingdom or the Lower Kingdom. Some gods were favored by particular pharaohs, dynasties, or cities. Newer gods replaced older gods, or the other way around. Gods of the Nile delta assimilated foreign gods of the Sinai desert having similar characteristics.

One of the oldest and most enduring Egyptian pantheons is the so-called ENNEAD OF HELIOPOLIS, which dates back to the sixth dynasty of the Old Kingdom. Heliopolis was the capital city of the Lower Kingdom; it no longer exists, but was located near modern-day Cairo. The pantheon is called the “ennead” because there are nine “key” gods and goddesses. They are:

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